Silva-Leander, Annika
(2015)
The role and influence of nongovernmental organisations on anti-corruption policy reform in Indonesia.
PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.
Abstract
This thesis analyses the influence and role of Nongovernmental Organisations (NGOs) on anticorruption reform in Indonesia. A mixed methods approach based on quantitative and qualitative methods was used for the research. Statistical regression analysis of NGO demands made in the media versus degree of policy alignment helped answer the question of the extent of NGO influence on anti-corruption reform and supporting factors (and actors) in this process. The qualitative methods helped to understand why and how NGO influence (or lack thereof) was achieved. A conceptual framework drawing from several relevant bodies of literature was used as basis for the analysis. The statistical analysis showed that of all demands made by NGOs in the media over a period of four years, 17 percent were perceived to have resulted in policy influence. However, quite a significant proportion of NGO demands (38 percent) were not reflected in policy decisions and therefore likely represented demands that NGOs failed to achieve policy influence on. In the statistical regression analysis, a number of factors proved (positively) statistically significant for explaining NGO influence. The factors that were associated with perceptions of NGO influence were: a favourable public opinion to the NGO demand; high media coverage of issues linked to demands; demands related to protecting the authority of the KPK; and the support of allies with decision-making authority. Conversely, NGO demands that were not supported by these factors were more likely to fail to be translated into policy. The qualitative case study analysis also showed that demands that were focused on more technical policy issues and legislative content, as well as demands that required policy decisions implying fundamental reform of institutions such as the police or the Attorney General’s Office (AGO) were less likely to be taken into account in policy decisions. The case studies and qualitative thematic analysis also helped explain the “why” and “how” of the statistical results by providing insights into the dynamics of NGO influence (or lack thereof) on Indonesian anti-corruption policy reform.
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